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吸烟会导致乳腺癌么? | breast cancer research |
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论文标题:smoking and risk of breast cancer in the generations study cohort
期刊:
作者:michael e. jones, minouk j. schoemaker et al.
发表时间:2017/11/22
doi:
微信链接:
研究人员已提出了吸烟导致乳腺癌发生的可能生物学机制,但尚无一致的流行病学研究证据。
吸烟的潜在致癌性是毋庸置疑的,既往曾有科研人员提出吸烟影响乳腺癌发生的可能生物学机制。但2004年之前的文献综述均未能找到人群中吸烟与乳腺癌发生之间因果关系的确凿证据。最近的流行病学研究指出,当前或既往吸烟都会适度增加乳腺癌的风险,但并未明确以下问题:即这一相关性在多大程度上是由于同时饮酒引起的,如果在青少年时期或首次生育前开始吸烟是否会使乳腺癌风险进一步增加,以及乳腺癌家族史是否会改变上述风险。
因此,研究人员通过一项大型队列研究,使用招募时及随访期间的详细调查问卷信息,并校正饮酒及其他的潜在混杂因素后,探究了吸烟与浸润性乳腺癌风险的相关性。该研究发表在开放获取期刊 上。
研究人员使用来自“多代队列研究”(英国)的系列调查问卷信息评估了吸烟相关的乳腺癌风险比(hr),并对可能的混杂因素(如酒精摄入等)进行了校正。
结果发现,2003-2013年间的“多代队列研究”共招募了102,927名女性,平均随访7.7年,其中1815名研究对象发生了浸润性乳腺癌。以从不吸烟者作为参照组,既往吸烟者的乳腺癌hr为1.14;17岁前开始吸烟者的乳腺癌hr为1.24;月经初潮后1-4年内开始吸烟者的乳腺癌hr为1.23。开始吸烟至首次生育的时间间隔与乳腺癌发生风险无统计学关联。有乳腺癌家族史的女性中吸烟对乳腺癌发生风险的影响更大:在有乳腺癌家族史的女性中,既往吸烟者相比从不吸烟者的hr为1.35;而在无乳腺癌家族史的女性中,既往吸烟者相比从不吸烟者的hr仅为1.07,及开始吸烟与月经初潮之间的间隔时间(p=0.0001)均对乳腺癌发生风险影响显著。
研究人员发现,吸烟虽然是一个“放松”行为,却将显著增加罹患乳腺癌的风险,尤其是在青春期或月经初潮前后开始吸烟的女性中。此外,在有乳腺癌家族史的女性中,吸烟对乳腺癌相对风险的影响更显著。
摘要:
background
plausible biological reasons exist regarding why smoking could affect breast cancer risk, but epidemiological evidence is inconsistent.
methods
we used serial questionnaire information from the generations study cohort (united kingdom) to estimate hrs for breast cancer in relation to smoking adjusted for potentially confounding factors, including alcohol intake.
results
among 102,927 women recruited 2003–2013, with an average of 7.7 years of follow-up, 1815 developed invasive breast cancer. the hr (reference group was never smokers) was 1.14 (95% ci 1.03–1.25; p = 0.010) for ever smokers, 1.24 (95% ci 1.08–1.43; p = 0.002) for starting smoking at ages < 17 years, and 1.23 (1.07–1.41; p = 0.004) for starting smoking 1–4 years after menarche. breast cancer risk was not statistically associated with interval from initiation of smoking to first birth (p-trend = 0.97). women with a family history of breast cancer (ever smoker vs never smoker hr 1.35; 95% ci 1.12–1.62; p = 0.002) had a significantly larger hr in relation to ever smokers (p for interaction = 0.039) than women without (ever smoker vs never smoker hr 1.07; 95% ci 0.96–1.20; p = 0.22). the interaction was prominent for age at starting smoking (p = 0.003) and starting smoking relative to age at menarche (p = 0.0001).
conclusions
smoking was associated with a modest but significantly increased risk of breast cancer, particularly among women who started smoking at adolescent or peri-menarcheal ages. the relative risk of breast cancer associated with smoking was greater for women with a family history of the disease.
(来源:科学网)
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